Three Brothers, One Crown: A Royal Spanish Bloodbath
Alfonso VI of León and Castile (1040–1109) is remembered as one of medieval Spain’s most…
From Tribes to Kingdom: The Dramatic Founding of Serbia
The emergence of Serbia as a defined political and cultural entity in the early medieval…
What If: England Had Won the Hundred Years War
If England had won, not lost, the Hundred Years’ War, the trajectory of English, French,…
The Rise of the Mahdi
In 1121 CE, far to the western edge of the Islamic world, a new flame…
The Tsar Who Made Byzantium Tremble
Tsar Simeon the Great, ruler of Bulgaria from 893 to 927, was a figure of…
England Before England: How the Tribal Hidage Reveals a Fractured Past
The Tribal Hidage is a compelling relic of dark age England: a mysterious, fragmentary window into the…
How The Queen of Kent Quietly Changed England Forever
Queen Bertha of Kent stands as a crucial yet often understated figure in the story…
Aragon and Castile: Uneasy Neighbors
Introduction: Iberia in the 11th–12th Century The Iberian Peninsula in the early twelfth century was…
House of Wisdom: The World’s First Great Research Institute
The House of Wisdom in Baghdad, or Bayt al-Hikmah, was a legendary center for scholarship and intellectual exchange during…
The Battle of Anzen: An Emperor Saved By the Rain
On July 22, 838, the rolling plains of Dazimon (in modern-day Turkey) saw one of…
From Frontier Kingdom to an Empire Across Asia
Rising from semi-nomadic Turkish military origins in the late 10th century, the Ghaznavids managed within…
The Day the Saracens Invaded the Vatican and Sacked St. Peter’s
The year 846 stands as one of the most dramatic and formative moments in Rome’s…
The Battle of Karbala and the Splitting of the Muslim World
The Battle of Karbala in 680 CE stands as one of the most significant and tragic moments…
From Vassals to Kings: The Rashtrakutas’ Amazing Journey to Power
The Rashtrakuta dynasty emerged as a dominant force in 8th-century India, rising to power in 756 CE…
The Pope Attacked in Rome
The closing years of the eighth century were a time of turbulence, transformation, and realignment…
