The Rhine Freezes Over: A Barbarian Horde’s Path to Glory
Prologue: The Rhine Frontier The Roman Empire in the early 5th century CE was a…
From Refugees to Rulers: The Astonishing Rise of the Bretons in Brittany
The rise of the Bretons in Armorica (modern-day Brittany) during the period of late antiquity…
How a Small Army Conquered an Entire Peninsula
In 568 CE, a pivotal moment in European history unfolded as the Lombards, a Germanic…
The Capture of Jerusalem: A Turning Point in History
In the year 638 CE, a momentous event occurred that would reshape the religious and…
Flann Sinna: Ireland’s Legendary Ruler Who Mastered Both Sword and Strategy
The rise and reign of Flann Sinna, High King of Ireland from 879 to 916…
How the Fall of the Roman Empire lead to the Dark Ages
The fall of the Roman Empire led to several significant changes that contributed to the…
The Battle of Manzikert: Disastrous Leadership Brings Defeat
On August 26, 1071, near the town of Manzikert in eastern Anatolia, two great empires…
From Glory to Ruin: How Charlemagne’s Grandsons Destroyed His Empire!
The Carolingian Empire, once a beacon of power and unity in Western Europe, began its…
Wessex: How a Small Anglo-Saxon Kingdom Became the Heart of England
The Kingdom of Wessex, one of the most influential Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in dark age Britain,…
The Rise of the Anglo-Saxon Northern Powerhouse
The Foundations of Deira and Bernicia Deira, the southernmost of the two kingdoms, encompassed much…
The Penance of Henry IV: A Journey to Canossa
Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, was a pivotal figure in 11th-century European history, known for…
Pepin the Short: Founding Father of the Mighty Carolingian Dynasty
Pepin the Short, also known as Pepin III or Pippin, was a pivotal figure in…
From Usurper to Byzantine Emperor: The Rise and Fall of Heraclius
Heraclius, born around 575 CE in Cappadocia, was one of the most significant emperors of…
The Last Roman Leader in Gaul
Syagrius and the Fall of the Domain of Soissons By the 5th century CE Gaul,…
El Cid: The Legendary Warrior of Spain
Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, known to history as El Cid, stands as one of the…